This application is quite common and it is one of the main applications already operated by traditional pumped-storage hydroelectric plants. It consists of “buying” energy when the market price is low (by absorbing energy from the grid, ie: charging the batteries or moving the water on the. Voltage control is a crucial point of an electrical energy system, usually achieved by the reactive power regulation on each generator. This. Frequency fluctuations can occur when an electrical system's generation is not matched to the load. These variations are mitigated by a complex control system in which energy storage systems can easily operate, particularly those with a quick response time. For the portions of a network subject to a possible blackout, the inconveniences arising from it can be reduced by using an energy storage system, which could supply enough power to the users affected by the black-out. The ESS could be also used in case of a. When network portions subject to power transfer are close to their maximum power limit, the energy storage system can be operated to “cushion”.
